第四册：流利英语 · 全册短语与句型 · 第25–48课
本册介绍 · 全册课程目录 · 全册语法总结 · 全册单词总结 · 全册短语与句型 · 全册易错点 · 综合复习与自测
Lesson 25 · 名词化与施事信息
- be exposed to — 接触某环境因素
- interfere with — 干扰某过程
句型示范： A reduction in background noise coincided with fewer interruptions during the task.
A reduction… 是名词化主语；coincided with 只说明同时发生，没有直接宣称因果。
Lesson 26 · 完成式分词状语
- leave behind — 留下痕迹
- in relation to — 相对于某对象
句型示范： Having compared the layers, the researchers proposed a tentative sequence of events.
Having compared 表先行完成动作；researchers 同时是 compare 和 propose 的执行者；tentative 限定结论。
Lesson 27 · 第三条件句与过去反事实
- set sail — 起航
- in hindsight — 事后回看
句型示范： If the model had been tested earlier, the designers might have noticed the imbalance.
had been tested 是过去完成时被动条件；might have noticed 表对过去替代结果的谨慎推测。
Lesson 28 · 间接问句与疑问语序
- in plain language — 用浅显语言
- make sure — 确认某事
句型示范： Could you explain what this term means in plain language?
Could you explain 是礼貌主句；what this term means 为宾语从句，this term 在 means 前。
Lesson 29 · 使役与许可结构
- allow for — 考虑到；为某因素留余地
- move across — 横越某表面
句型示范： The air cushion allows the model to move across the smooth floor.
allows + the model + to move 是宾语加不定式补足语；air cushion 为提供条件的主语。
Lesson 30 · 介词 + which 的关系从句
- map out — 绘制分布图
- below the surface — 在表面以下
句型示范： The pressure under which the sensor operates must be recorded.
under which 修饰 pressure；主句主语是整个名词短语，must be recorded 为谓语。
Lesson 31 · 独立主格的主语与分词
- work with — 使用某材料创作
- give shape to — 赋予具体形态
句型示范： The clay still damp, the sculptor covered the model before leaving.
The clay still damp 有自己的主语 clay 和形容词 damp，补充背景；主句主语是 sculptor。
Lesson 32 · 形容词前置的 as 让步结构
- call into question — 对某事提出质疑
- in the light of — 根据新信息重新考虑
句型示范： Limited as the evidence is, it gives us a reason to repeat the experiment.
Limited 前置，as 引导让步；it 指 evidence；主句主张重复检验而不是立即接受结论。
Lesson 33 · 平行结构与 not only…but also
- learn by doing — 在实践中学习
- build on — 在已有基础上发展
句型示范： The course teaches students to question claims, compare sources and explain their conclusions.
to 后三个动词 question、compare、explain 并列，共享不定式标记 to，宾语分别对应各动作。
Lesson 34 · 倾向表达与概率范围
- tend to — 往往会，表示倾向
- be likely to — 很可能会，仍保留例外
句型示范： In this club, new members tend to ask their peers for help before approaching an adult.
In this club 限定范围；tend to ask 表倾向；before approaching 与主语 new members 共享执行者。
Lesson 35 · 将来完成时与未来截止点
- by the time — 到某个时间点时
- on schedule — 按计划进度
句型示范： By the time the simulated crew arrives, the support team will have checked every system.
arrives 为未来时间从句的一般现在时；will have checked 表该时点前完成。
Lesson 36 · 倍数比较与百分比基数
- account for — 占总量的某部分
- increase by — 增加了某幅度
句型示范： In the fictional budget, maintenance costs rose from 100 units to 120 units, an increase of 20%.
from…to… 给起点终点；an increase of 20% 为同位补充，基数是原来的100。
Lesson 37 · 比较级重复与渐变表达
- over the course of — 在某段时间过程中
- at different rates — 以不同速度
句型示范： The records became more and more detailed over the course of the study.
more and more detailed 表渐变程度；over the course of… 限定变化发生的时间。
Lesson 38 · if、when 后的省略结构
- when in doubt — 有疑问时
- check with — 向某人或机构核实
句型示范： When travelling, check current local guidance rather than rely on an old account.
When travelling 相当于 when you are travelling；主句祈使句隐含主语 you，与分词执行者相同。
Lesson 39 · wish 后的时态与非现实意义
- get across — 把意思传达清楚
- revise for — 为某目标修改
句型示范： I wish the opening were shorter, because the main point arrives too late.
wish 后 were shorter 表对当前文本的不满意；because 从句说明修改理由。
Lesson 40 · where 的地点与条件意义
- travel through — 穿过某介质传播
- under these conditions — 在这些条件下
句型示范： Where the water meets the barrier, the pattern changes.
where 从句指地点；主句 the pattern changes 描述该区域的观察结果。
Lesson 41 · with + 宾语 + 补足语
- respond to — 对信号作出反应
- take account of — 将某因素考虑在内
句型示范： With the observer standing at a distance, the handler recorded the animal’s response.
observer 与 standing 是主动关系；with 短语交代背景，主句主语是 handler。
Lesson 42 · 被动语态中的时态与体
- pick up — 检测到微弱信号
- be under review — 正在审查之中
句型示范： The signal has been recorded, but the data are still being analysed.
has been recorded 表已完成的记录；are being analysed 表正在进行的被动过程；data 在此按复数处理。
Lesson 43 · there be 与存在命题
- search for — 寻找某对象
- as yet — 到目前为止
句型示范： There may be a simpler explanation for the unusual signal.
there may be 为情态存在结构；a simpler explanation 是引入的新信息；for…限定解释对象。
Lesson 44 · 限制性与非限制性从句的范围差异
- within a community — 在某个社群内部
- from one context to another — 从一种情境到另一种情境
句型示范： The visitors who had attended the workshop recognised the greeting.
who…workshop 是限制性从句，只选出访客中的一部分；没有宣称全部访客参加过。
Lesson 45 · no more than 与 not more than
- put into practice — 将知识付诸实践
- put into perspective — 放入适当背景理解
句型示范： The summary contained no more than three pages, yet it raised questions the committee had overlooked.
no more than 强调篇幅很短；yet 连接篇幅与作用的反差；had overlooked 表忽略先于摘要提出问题。
Lesson 46 · would rather 与 prefer 的补语
- take up — 开始从事一种爱好
- for its own sake — 为事情本身的价值
句型示范： I would rather repair an old radio than buy another one.
would rather 后 repair 与 than 后 buy 都是动词原形；another one 指另一台 radio。
Lesson 47 · 篇章指代与 this + 概括名词
- get away from — 暂时离开某环境
- live up to — 达到某种期待
句型示范： We expected the trip to remove every worry. That expectation proved unrealistic.
That expectation 概括前句内容，明确指向“旅行消除所有烦恼”的想法，而非 trip 本身。
Lesson 48 · 决策段落中的 however、therefore 与条件
- depend on — 取决于具体条件
- take into account — 将某因素纳入考虑
句型示范： The two plans serve different objectives; therefore, comparing returns alone would be misleading.
分号连接独立分句；therefore 表由目标不同推导出的比较限制；comparing… 为动名词主语。
继续阅读
- 路线与能力起点
- 路线与能力起点
- 路线与能力起点