第四册：流利英语 · 全册易错点 · 第1–22课
本册介绍 · 全册课程目录 · 全册语法总结 · 全册单词总结 · 全册短语与句型 · 全册易错点 · 综合复习与自测
第四册：流利英语 · 全册易错点
本册介绍 · 全册课程目录 · 全册语法总结 · 全册单词总结 · 全册短语与句型 · 全册易错点 · 综合复习与自测
L1 · 推测情态动词与过去事件
不要把 might have been made 译成“必定是造成的”；might 保留了其他解释。
对照例句： The marks might have been made by tools, but their origin remains uncertain.
might have been made 是情态动词加完成时被动结构；but 连接推测与限制；their 指 marks。
L2 · 数量词与可数性
The number of insects were lower 错在主谓一致；但 A number of insects were found 中复数正确。
对照例句： The number of insects was lower in the sheltered garden.
主语中心词是 number，因此用 was；of insects 限定数量的对象，lower 是表语。
L3 · used to、would 与过去状态
不要用 would be quiet 无背景地替代 used to be quiet；would 还可能被理解为条件结果。
对照例句： The village used to be quiet, but each summer guides would welcome new climbers.
used to be 表过去状态；each summer 为 would welcome 建立反复行为的时间框架。
L4 · 报告动词与认知距离
“was reported to identify”不是“被证实能够辨认”；reported 与 proved 的证据含义不同。
对照例句： The participant was reported to have identified the colour, but the test did not rule out visual cues.
was reported to 标示二手报告；to have identified 表辨认早于报告；but 引出方法限制。
L5 · 让步从句与主句重心
Although she was young, but she led the discussion. 应去掉 but；despite her youth 则不需要主谓结构。
对照例句： Although Lena had little experience, the team took her proposal seriously.
although 从句提供让步背景；主句 took 为一般过去时，her proposal 是宾语。
L6 · not so much A as B 的纠正性对比
不要将 not so much A as B 理解成“不如 A 那么 B”；它在两个解释之间强调后者。
对照例句： The argument was not so much about the score as about respect.
about the score 与 about respect 平行；not so much…as… 将解释重点移向 respect。
L7 · 关系从句中的指代与功能说明
不能把 the echo that returns 写成 the echo returns 后仍接在原宾语位置；省略主语关系词会破坏结构。
对照例句： The device measures the delay between a signal and the echo that returns from the wall.
that returns from the wall 修饰 echo，that 在从句作主语，不能省略。
L8 · 情态动词的被动结构
every sample must checked 缺少 be；必须写 must be checked。
对照例句： Under our workshop rules, every sample must be checked before it is packed.
must be checked 是情态被动；before 引导时间从句；under…限定规则的适用范围。
L9 · 过去完成时与过去叙事参照点
不能仅因故事发生在古代就整篇用 had done；先确定两个过去动作的关系。
对照例句： By the time the messenger arrived, the clerk had hidden the letter.
arrived 是过去参照点；had hidden 表示藏信发生在到达之前；by the time 引出截止时间。
L10 · 比较结构与范围限定
rents are lower than the city centre 把租金与地点比较，应补 those in。
对照例句： Office rents in the new district are lower than those in the city centre.
those 代替复数 office rents，保持比较对象一致；lower 是比较级表语。
L11 · 动名词短语作主语
Learning new skills are rewarding 中 are 应改 is；skills 只是动名词的宾语。
对照例句： Learning the names of local plants gives Mei a reason to walk outdoors.
Learning…plants 是完整动名词主语，中心是活动，因此谓语用 gives，而不是受 names 影响用 give。
L12 · unless 与条件从句
unless the customer will sign 不用于这里的普通未来条件；应写 signs。
对照例句： In this exercise, the request will remain pending unless the customer signs the form.
unless 引出例外条件；signs 用现在时表未来条件；主句 will remain 表结果。
L13 · 目的不定式与 so that
不要把 to collect 与 because collected 混淆：前者说明目的，后者说明已经发生的原因。
对照例句： The team collected rock samples so that specialists could compare the layers.
so that 从句有独立主语 specialists，与主句 team 不同；could compare 表当时的目的。
L14 · 第二条件句与假设距离
不要看到 changed 就一律解释成过去已发生；在本条件句里它表示假设距离。
对照例句： If we changed the starting value slightly, the two simulations might diverge over time.
changed 在条件句表假设；might diverge 保留结果不确定性；over time 表渐进过程。
L15 · whether 引导名词性从句
whether can the data be shared 是错误疑问语序；嵌入从句用 whether the data can be shared。
对照例句： The team must decide whether the preliminary data can be shared with partners.
whether 从句作 decide 的宾语；the preliminary data 在 can 前，保持陈述语序。
L16 · so…that 与 such…that 的结果表达
such far away 结构错误；没有名词短语时应使用 so far away。
对照例句： The crossing was so far away that several residents asked for a nearer one.
so 修饰形容词短语 far away；that 从句给出结果；one 指 crossing。
L17 · cause、lead to 与 be associated with
不要把 associated with 在摘要中升级为 caused；这改变了证据含义。
对照例句： In the fictional survey, a wetter spring was associated with fewer rabbits near the field.
was associated with 只说明关联；In the fictional survey 限定为练习数据，未确认兔子减少的原因。
L18 · 感官动词的主动与被动转换
The animal was seen surface 缺少 to；主动 We saw it surface 才使用不带 to 结构。
对照例句： The animal was seen to surface beside the boat twice.
was seen to surface 是感官动词被动结构；twice 表完整动作出现两次，没有说明动作意图。
L19 · 同位语从句与定语从句
不要把 belief 自动译成“事实”；the belief that 只标明某人持有的看法。
对照例句： The belief that every dream has one fixed meaning is difficult to justify.
that…meaning 说明 belief 的内容，内部主语 every dream、谓语 has、宾语 meaning 完整。
L20 · 过去分词作后置定语
不要把 collected 当成全句唯一谓语而漏掉 were analysed；该短语只限定样本。
对照例句： The samples collected on Tuesday were analysed separately.
collected on Tuesday 后置修饰 samples，相当于 that were collected；were analysed 是全句谓语。
L21 · It is/was…that 强调句
It was in 1910 when… 若意在强调时间，应使用 that；when 另可引导关系或时间从句。
对照例句： It was the actor’s silence that made the final scene so tense.
the actor’s silence 是被强调主语；还原为 The actor’s silence made the final scene so tense。
L22 · what 从句作主语与表语
That matters is… 不能替代 What matters is…；what 在从句中还承担 matters 的主语。
对照例句： What matters is whether the new tool solves a real problem.
What matters 为主语从句；whether…problem 为表语从句，说明评判内容。
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