第四册：流利英语 · 全册短语与句型 · 第1–24课
本册介绍 · 全册课程目录 · 全册语法总结 · 全册单词总结 · 全册短语与句型 · 全册易错点 · 综合复习与自测
第四册：流利英语 · 全册短语与句型
本册介绍 · 全册课程目录 · 全册语法总结 · 全册单词总结 · 全册短语与句型 · 全册易错点 · 综合复习与自测
Lesson 1 · 推测情态动词与过去事件
- date back to — 追溯到，通常用现在时说明年代
- in the absence of — 在缺乏某条件时
句型示范： The marks might have been made by tools, but their origin remains uncertain.
might have been made 是情态动词加完成时被动结构；but 连接推测与限制；their 指 marks。
Lesson 2 · 数量词与可数性
- feed on — 以某物为食
- play a role in — 在某过程中起作用
句型示范： The number of insects was lower in the sheltered garden.
主语中心词是 number，因此用 was；of insects 限定数量的对象，lower 是表语。
Lesson 3 · used to、would 与过去状态
- make a living — 谋生
- set out — 出发，常与时间或目的搭配
句型示范： The village used to be quiet, but each summer guides would welcome new climbers.
used to be 表过去状态；each summer 为 would welcome 建立反复行为的时间框架。
Lesson 4 · 报告动词与认知距离
- be reported to — 据报告，保留消息来源
- rule out — 排除一种可能解释
句型示范： The participant was reported to have identified the colour, but the test did not rule out visual cues.
was reported to 标示二手报告；to have identified 表辨认早于报告；but 引出方法限制。
Lesson 5 · 让步从句与主句重心
- be open to — 愿意接受
- take seriously — 认真对待
句型示范： Although Lena had little experience, the team took her proposal seriously.
although 从句提供让步背景；主句 took 为一般过去时，her proposal 是宾语。
Lesson 6 · not so much A as B 的纠正性对比
- play by the rules — 按规则比赛
- at stake — 处于得失关头
句型示范： The argument was not so much about the score as about respect.
about the score 与 about respect 平行；not so much…as… 将解释重点移向 respect。
Lesson 7 · 关系从句中的指代与功能说明
- bounce back — 反射回来
- depend on — 取决于；依靠
句型示范： The device measures the delay between a signal and the echo that returns from the wall.
that returns from the wall 修饰 echo，that 在从句作主语，不能省略。
Lesson 8 · 情态动词的被动结构
- comply with — 遵守某标准或要求
- fit for purpose — 适合预定用途
句型示范： Under our workshop rules, every sample must be checked before it is packed.
must be checked 是情态被动；before 引导时间从句；under…限定规则的适用范围。
Lesson 9 · 过去完成时与过去叙事参照点
- pass on — 转交信息
- keep track of — 持续掌握动态
句型示范： By the time the messenger arrived, the clerk had hidden the letter.
arrived 是过去参照点；had hidden 表示藏信发生在到达之前；by the time 引出截止时间。
Lesson 10 · 比较结构与范围限定
- set up — 建立公司或机构
- draw on — 利用已有经验或资源
句型示范： Office rents in the new district are lower than those in the city centre.
those 代替复数 office rents，保持比较对象一致；lower 是比较级表语。
Lesson 11 · 动名词短语作主语
- take an interest in — 对某事产生兴趣
- keep in touch with — 与某人保持联系
句型示范： Learning the names of local plants gives Mei a reason to walk outdoors.
Learning…plants 是完整动名词主语，中心是活动，因此谓语用 gives，而不是受 names 影响用 give。
Lesson 12 · unless 与条件从句
- subject to — 以满足某条件为前提
- in writing — 以书面形式
句型示范： In this exercise, the request will remain pending unless the customer signs the form.
unless 引出例外条件；signs 用现在时表未来条件；主句 will remain 表结果。
Lesson 13 · 目的不定式与 so that
- carry out — 执行调查或实验
- in search of — 寻找
句型示范： The team collected rock samples so that specialists could compare the layers.
so that 从句有独立主语 specialists，与主句 team 不同；could compare 表当时的目的。
Lesson 14 · 第二条件句与假设距离
- result in — 导致某结果
- over time — 随着时间推移
句型示范： If we changed the starting value slightly, the two simulations might diverge over time.
changed 在条件句表假设；might diverge 保留结果不确定性；over time 表渐进过程。
Lesson 15 · whether 引导名词性从句
- keep confidential — 保密
- weigh up — 权衡因素
句型示范： The team must decide whether the preliminary data can be shared with partners.
whether 从句作 decide 的宾语；the preliminary data 在 can 前，保持陈述语序。
Lesson 16 · so…that 与 such…that 的结果表达
- within walking distance — 在步行可达范围内
- make room for — 为某物腾出空间
句型示范： The crossing was so far away that several residents asked for a nearer one.
so 修饰形容词短语 far away；that 从句给出结果；one 指 crossing。
Lesson 17 · cause、lead to 与 be associated with
- be associated with — 与某现象相关
- account for — 解释；占某比例
句型示范： In the fictional survey, a wetter spring was associated with fewer rabbits near the field.
was associated with 只说明关联；In the fictional survey 限定为练习数据，未确认兔子减少的原因。
Lesson 18 · 感官动词的主动与被动转换
- come to the surface — 浮到水面
- on the basis of — 根据某项证据
句型示范： The animal was seen to surface beside the boat twice.
was seen to surface 是感官动词被动结构；twice 表完整动作出现两次，没有说明动作意图。
Lesson 19 · 同位语从句与定语从句
- make sense of — 理解零散材料
- be based on — 以某材料为依据
句型示范： The belief that every dream has one fixed meaning is difficult to justify.
that…meaning 说明 belief 的内容，内部主语 every dream、谓语 has、宾语 meaning 完整。
Lesson 20 · 过去分词作后置定语
- consist of — 由若干部分组成
- under controlled conditions — 在受控条件下
句型示范： The samples collected on Tuesday were analysed separately.
collected on Tuesday 后置修饰 samples，相当于 that were collected；were analysed 是全句谓语。
Lesson 21 · It is/was…that 强调句
- on screen — 在银幕上
- be shaped by — 受到某因素塑造
句型示范： It was the actor’s silence that made the final scene so tense.
the actor’s silence 是被强调主语；还原为 The actor’s silence made the final scene so tense。
Lesson 22 · what 从句作主语与表语
- put into practice — 付诸实践
- for the benefit of — 为了某人的利益
句型示范： What matters is whether the new tool solves a real problem.
What matters 为主语从句；whether…problem 为表语从句，说明评判内容。
Lesson 23 · 现在分词状语与逻辑主语
- take advantage of — 利用有利条件
- change direction — 改变方向
句型示范： Gliding above the field, the bird turned towards the hills.
Gliding… 为伴随分词状语，逻辑主语为 the bird，与 turned 的主语一致。
Lesson 24 · 否定或限制副词前置倒装
- appeal to — 吸引某人
- in the eye of — 从某人的眼光来看
句型示范： Rarely do two viewers notice exactly the same details in a painting.
Rarely 前置触发 do two viewers 的部分倒装；notice 保持原形；不是把整句完全颠倒。
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