第三册：培养技能 · 全册短语与句型 · 第1–23课
本册介绍 · 全册课程目录 · 全册语法总结 · 全册单词总结 · 全册短语与句型 · 全册易错点 · 综合复习与自测
第三册：培养技能 · 全册短语与句型
本册介绍 · 全册课程目录 · 全册语法总结 · 全册单词总结 · 全册短语与句型 · 全册易错点 · 综合复习与自测
Lesson 1 · 定语从句与证据限定
- at large — 逃逸而未被抓住，常置于名词后
- come to light — 信息被发现，主语通常是事实或证据
句型示范： The tracks that we found near the gate may belong to a large dog.
that we found near the gate 修饰 tracks，that 作 found 的宾语；may 表示不确定推测。
Lesson 2 · 过去进行时与突发事件
- in the middle of — 在某活动或时段中间
- go wrong — 出故障或出现问题
句型示范： I was checking the clock when a loose screw fell onto the floor.
was checking 提供背景，fell 引入一个短暂的新事件；when 连接两者。
Lesson 3 · 过去完成时的时间参照
- date back to — 追溯到某时期，常用一般现在时
- piece together — 拼合碎片或逐步理清信息
句型示范： By the time the team reached the chamber, water had damaged several paintings.
reached 是过去参照点；had damaged 把损坏放在到达之前；by the time 表示到那个时间为止。
Lesson 4 · used to 与过去习惯
- earn a living — 谋生，后面可接 by doing
- be proud of — 为某事或某人感到自豪
句型示范： Leo used to hide his work clothes, but now he talks openly about his job.
used to hide 表示已改变的习惯；but now 与前半句构成明确时间对比。
Lesson 5 · 间接疑问句的陈述语序
- check with — 向某人核实
- on record — 公开记录在案
句型示范： The editor asked how many households the survey had covered.
how many households 为 covered 的宾语，the survey 为主语；had covered 表示调查在询问之前已进行。
Lesson 6 · 一般过去时的被动语态
- in broad daylight — 在光天化日之下
- make off with — 偷走某物后逃离
句型示范： Two display cases were damaged before the alarm was raised.
were damaged 与 was raised 均为过去时被动；cases 为复数，alarm 为单数。
Lesson 7 · 可数与不可数名词
- in pieces — 成为碎片或散开状态
- send in — 将材料寄送或提交给有关机构
句型示范： Several fragments were missing, but most of the printed number was still visible.
several fragments 为复数；most of the printed number 指单个号码的部分，谓语用 was。
Lesson 8 · 地点介词与移动路径
- on foot — 步行，通常不用 by foot
- at the foot of — 在山或建筑物底部
句型示范： A narrow path runs through the forest and ends at the old gate.
through 描述穿过内部空间，at 把大门作为终点；runs 与 ends 共用单数主语 path。
Lesson 9 · 比较级与比较对象一致
- land on — 落在某个表面上
- compared with — 与某对象比较时
句型示范： The second ramp was slightly steeper than the first, so the cart moved faster.
slightly 修饰 steeper，than the first 省略 ramp；faster 在此修饰 moved。
Lesson 10 · 过去反事实条件句
- on board — 在船或飞机上
- in time — 来得及，在所需时间之前
句型示范： If the crew had received the warning earlier, they might have changed course.
had received 假设过去条件，might have changed 表示可能而非必然的不同结果。
Lesson 11 · 转述要求与否定命令
- have nothing to declare — 没有需要申报的物品，须以实际规定为准
- account for — 解释某事的原因或去向
句型示范： The officer asked me to place the sealed box on the counter.
asked 为谓语，me 为宾语，to place 为宾语补足语；执行 place 的人是 me。
Lesson 12 · 第二条件句的假设距离
- do without — 没有某物也设法生活或完成任务
- depend on — 依赖某资源或条件
句型示范： If I lived on a remote island, I would choose a reliable radio over a television.
lived 表假设而非实际过去；would choose 是设想的选择；over 表示优先于。
Lesson 13 · 强调句的焦点
- turn out to be — 最后发现原来是
- at first sight — 初看时，强调初步印象
句型示范： It was the gardener's voice that finally reassured the visitor.
It was ... that 强调主语 the gardener's voice；还原为 The gardener's voice finally reassured the visitor。
Lesson 14 · although 与 despite
- in spite of — 尽管，后接名词性成分
- be known for — 因某特征而闻名
句型示范： Although the businessman funded a clinic, his illegal methods still harmed the community.
although 从句承认善举，主句保留对手段的评价；still 强化让步关系。
Lesson 15 · 数量修饰语与 worth
- get stuck — 被卡住或陷入困境
- at a cost of — 以某种金额或代价
句型示范： A two-minute repair saved a toy worth only three pounds.
two-minute 修饰 repair，minute 不用复数；worth only three pounds 后置修饰 toy。
Lesson 16 · one、it 与名词替代
- belong to — 属于，通常不用进行时
- pick out — 从多个对象中认出或挑出
句型示范： Of the two lambs, the one with a dark ear belonged to our neighbour.
the one 替代 lamb，with a dark ear 限定具体是哪一只；belonged 的主语仍为单数。
Lesson 17 · 最高级的范围与倍数
- at the time — 在当时，用于限定历史判断
- as long as — 在长度比较中表示和……一样长，另有条件用法
句型示范： The new footbridge is twice as long as the wooden one it replaced.
twice as long as 表示明确倍数；one 替代 footbridge；it replaced 为省略宾语关系词的定语从句。
Lesson 18 · 感官动词后的补语
- set in motion — 使开始运转
- in response to — 作为对某刺激的反应
句型示范： We watched the metal rings rotating while a low tone filled the room.
watched 加宾语 the metal rings 和 rotating，呈现观看中的持续动作；while 连接同时背景。
Lesson 19 · have 加宾语加过去分词
- put up a notice — 张贴告示
- get in touch with — 与某人取得联系
句型示范： After the gate broke, we had a new lock fitted to keep the dog safely inside.
had 为一般过去时，a new lock 是宾语，fitted 是过去分词补语；to keep 表目的。
Lesson 20 · 过去将来时与计划结果
- take off — 飞机起飞，亦可指脱衣，需辨语境
- set a record — 创造纪录
句型示范： The pilot believed that the lighter engine would extend the aircraft's range.
believed 建立过去视点；would extend 指相对于相信时刻尚未发生的预期。
Lesson 21 · 完成时不定式的先后关系
- rise to fame — 成名
- fall into debt — 陷入债务
句型示范： The retired athlete appears to have inspired a new generation of coaches.
appears 为现在判断，to have inspired 指此前发生并留下影响的行为。
Lesson 22 · should have done 的过去评价
- learn by heart — 熟记到能脱离文本复述
- lose one's place — 忘记读到或说到哪里
句型示范： I missed my cue because I had not rehearsed; I should have checked the recording twice.
had not rehearsed 交代此前缺失的准备；should have checked 评价未完成的适当行动。
Lesson 23 · prefer 与 would rather
- an acquired taste — 需要逐渐习惯才会欣赏的口味
- appeal to — 对某人有吸引力
句型示范： I prefer tasting a small portion to rejecting an unfamiliar dish immediately.
tasting 与 rejecting 为平行动名词结构；to 是介词而非不定式标记。
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