第三册：培养技能 · 全册短语与句型 · 第24–48课
本册介绍 · 全册课程目录 · 全册语法总结 · 全册单词总结 · 全册短语与句型 · 全册易错点 · 综合复习与自测
Lesson 24 · 同位语从句与定语从句
- keep something to oneself — 不向别人透露某事
- come out — 秘密或真相被公开
句型示范： The discovery that the letter was unsigned raised new questions.
that the letter was unsigned 说明 discovery 的具体内容；从句不缺主语或表语。
Lesson 25 · 过去完成进行时
- make good progress — 进展顺利
- against the wind — 逆风而行
句型示范： The crew had been sailing for six hours when the wind finally changed.
had been sailing 强调风变前的持续过程；when 从句提供过去参照点。
Lesson 26 · too 与 enough 的位置
- make room for — 腾出空间容纳
- in good condition — 状态良好
句型示范： The tin is wide enough to hold the cards, but it is too shallow for the wooden pieces.
enough 在 wide 后；too 在 shallow 前；两个评价分别针对不同物品。
Lesson 27 · 不定代词的后置修饰
- do without — 无某物也能应付
- live on — 依靠某收入或食物生活
句型示范： We found nothing expensive in the cabin, but there was everything we needed.
expensive 后置修饰 nothing；everything 后接省略宾语关系词的限定从句 we needed。
Lesson 28 · 条件句中的礼貌距离
- knock off — 从价格中减去某金额
- walk away — 离开交易或谈判，不接受条件
句型示范： If you included the carrying case, I would consider paying the full price.
included 与 would consider 构成试探性条件；consider 不等于作出购买承诺。
Lesson 29 · whether 从句与选择范围
- take something seriously — 认真对待某事
- at someone's expense — 以让某人难堪为代价
句型示范： Whether the joke works depends partly on what the audience already knows.
whether 从句整体作主语，谓语为单数 depends；what 从句作 on 的宾语。
Lesson 30 · 情态动词加完成式推断
- account for — 解释现象的原因
- rule out — 排除一种可能
句型示范： Someone must have opened the cupboard, because the flour had been moved.
must have opened 是基于线索的推断，because 从句给出依据；推断仍不同于亲眼观察。
Lesson 31 · 非限定性定语从句
- have a habit of — 有做某事的习惯，后接 ing
- be fond of — 喜欢，后接名词或动名词
句型示范： Mr Vale, who repairs clocks for fun, keeps a tiny workshop in his kitchen.
who 从句补充已明确人物的爱好；主句骨架为 Mr Vale keeps a tiny workshop。
Lesson 32 · 现在完成时被动
- come across — 偶然发现
- so far — 到目前为止，常与完成时配合
句型示范： Three wooden beams have been recovered, but the vessel has not yet been identified.
have been recovered 对应复数 beams；has not yet been identified 对应单数 vessel。
Lesson 33 · 否定副词前置倒装
- to one's relief — 令某人宽慰的是
- not until — 直到……才，注意倒装位置
句型示范： Never had I seen the station so quiet before that morning.
never 前置使 had 提到 I 前；seen 保持过去分词，before that morning 给出过去参照点。
Lesson 34 · 分词状语的逻辑主语
- by chance — 偶然地
- catch one's eye — 引起注意
句型示范： Looking beneath the frame, Maya noticed a small handwritten label.
Looking 的逻辑主语为 Maya，与主句一致；分词短语交代发现时的动作背景。
Lesson 35 · 情态动词的被动结构
- take into account — 考虑相关因素
- give someone a chance — 给某人机会
句型示范： Both statements should be examined before a decision is announced.
should be examined 为建议性被动，before 后 is announced 描述流程中的另一步。
Lesson 36 · so 与 such 的结果结构
- by coincidence — 碰巧
- run into — 偶然遇见某人
句型示范： It was such an unexpected meeting that neither of us spoke for a moment.
such 修饰 an unexpected meeting 这一名词短语；that 从句表达惊讶造成的反应。
Lesson 37 · by、until 与时刻表现在时
- on time — 按预定时间
- in time for — 来得及参加或赶上
句型示范： We must reach the platform by six, although the train does not leave until ten past.
by six 给到达截止时间；not ... until ten past 给列车最早实际离开时间。
Lesson 38 · 目的不定式与 for doing
- keep track of — 持续记录并掌握进度
- in order to — 为了做某事
句型示范： The group marked a stone each evening to keep track of passing days.
marked 为主要动作，to keep track of 为目的；each evening 说明重复频率。
Lesson 39 · 不定式后置修饰与介词
- take precautions — 采取预防措施
- keep an eye on — 留意某人或某事
句型示范： We had a reliable guide to consult and a marked path to follow.
consult 与 follow 都直接带宾语，因此不定式末尾无需额外介词；guide 与 path 分别为其对象。
Lesson 40 · 反身代词与相互代词
- in person — 亲自到场
- mistake A for B — 把A误认为B
句型示范： The two actors introduced themselves before they introduced each other to the director.
themselves 回指各自，each other 表示相互对象；两个短语改变动作方向。
Lesson 41 · while 与 whereas 的对照
- in contrast — 相比之下，引出差异
- far from — 远非，也可表示距离很远
句型示范： The village is quiet after sunset, whereas the market town remains busy until midnight.
whereas 对照两个地方在夜间的活动状态，不表示一个事件发生在另一个事件期间。
Lesson 42 · 独立主格的独立主语
- make one's way — 设法前进
- in single file — 排成单列
句型示范： The main passage blocked, the team returned to the entrance.
the main passage 为独立结构主语，blocked 表被动状态；主句主语为 the team。
Lesson 43 · provided that 与 unless
- subject to — 受某条件限制
- in the event of — 如果发生某事件
句型示范： In this fictional scheme, repairs are covered provided that the damage is reported within a week.
provided that 引出必要条件；within a week 给出时间限制，句子没有描述现实产品。
Lesson 44 · 平行结构与 not only
- take into consideration — 纳入考虑
- door to door — 从出发门口到目的地门口
句型示范： The night train offers both a quiet place to sleep and a direct route to the city centre.
both ... and 连接两个名词短语，均为 offers 的宾语，语法层级一致。
Lesson 45 · 报告动词及其结构
- draw attention to — 引起对某问题的关注
- make a distinction — 作出区分
句型示范： The reporter stated the figures, while the campaigner claimed that they showed a wider problem.
stated 与 claimed 区分陈述和观点；they 回指 figures，后半结论归属于 campaigner。
Lesson 46 · 过去能力与一次成功
- put together — 组装
- call in — 请某专业人员前来
句型示范： After several careful attempts, I managed to remove the damaged screw.
managed to remove 表示实际成功，after 短语解释此前有困难和尝试。
Lesson 47 · because、therefore 与因果关系
- at the expense of — 以牺牲某方面为代价
- contribute to — 促成某结果，通常不表示唯一原因
句型示范： The courtyard remained noisy after midnight; therefore, several residents moved their bedrooms to the rear.
分号分开完整分句，therefore 标明结果；several 限定受影响者，未概括为所有住户。
Lesson 48 · 地点前置的完全倒装
- in the distance — 在远处
- give the impression of — 给人某种印象，未必等于事实
句型示范： Beyond the empty square stood a row of houses with closed shutters.
地点短语前置，stood 在名词主语 a row of houses 之前，构成完全倒装。
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