第二册：实践与进步 · 全册易错点 · 第74–96课
本册介绍 · 全册课程目录 · 全册语法总结 · 全册单词总结 · 全册短语与句型 · 全册易错点 · 综合复习与自测
L74 · 定语从句与指代
The visitor who recognised the actor smiled. 中 who 作 recognised 的主语，意思是“认出演员的那位游客笑了”。The visitor who he recognised smiled. 也合法：he 作从句主语，who 作宾语，意思是“他认出的那位游客笑了”。若要表达前一种意思，不能写 The visitor who he recognised the actor smiled.；从句已有主语 he 和宾语 the actor，再加 who 会造成成分重复。
对照例句： The visitor who recognised the actor kept her secret.
who 指 the visitor 并作 recognised 的主语；kept 是主句谓语，her 指前文 actor。
L75 · 不定式与目的
lie 表躺下，过去式 lay；lay 表放置，过去式 laid，本例需要有宾语的 laid。
对照例句： The hikers laid bright jackets on the rocks to attract attention.
laid 为 lay 的过去式，bright jackets 是宾语，to attract 为目的状语，执行者与 hikers 一致。
L76 · 间接引语与视角转换
believe a person 表相信其所说，believe in a person 更偏信任其能力或品格。
对照例句： The programme claimed that the trees could grow blue apples.
claimed 为报告动词，that 从句是被声称的内容；could 是从过去视角表达能力，句子不证明该能力真实。
L77 · 现在完成时与过去时间
enough healthy 的次序不对；形容词后放 enough，如 healthy enough。
对照例句： The injured bird has recovered enough to stand on both feet.
has recovered 为完成时，enough to stand 表达到某种程度，on both feet 说明动作状态。
L78 · 动名词与动词搭配
He stopped to buy cigarettes 表示停下来买烟，意思与停止买烟相反。
对照例句： Jon stopped buying cigarettes on his way to work.
stopped 为谓语，buying 作动名词宾语，on his way to work 是购买发生的情境。
L79 · 时间、原因与让步从句
despite it was late 结构不对；可用 despite the delay 或 although it was late。
对照例句： Despite the delay, we enjoyed the view from the plane.
Despite the delay 是介词短语，主句 enjoyed 为过去式，from the plane 给出观察位置。
L80 · 被动语态与信息重点
was build 错误，build 的过去分词是 built。
对照例句： The exhibition hall was built from glass and steel.
was built 为一般过去被动，from glass and steel 说明建材；主语是展厅而非建造者。
L81 · 分词修饰与逻辑主语
Dressed as a cleaner, the gate opened 会使分词逻辑主语变成门，形成悬垂结构。
对照例句： Dressed as a cleaner, the prisoner walked towards the side gate.
Dressed 为过去分词状语，逻辑主语是 prisoner；walked 为主句谓语，towards 表方向。
L82 · 情态动词的意义与形式
might was 不合结构；过去推测用 might have been。
对照例句： The shape in the photograph might have been a large fish.
might have been 为对过去身份的推测，a large fish 为表语；might 表不确定，不是过去能力。
L83 · 将来表达与安排
by June 与 in June 不同：前者指最迟到该时间，后者指在该月内。
对照例句： The candidate promised that the council would publish a plan by June.
promised 明确信息来源，would publish 是过去视角的将来，by June 表截止时间。
L84 · 将来进行时与过程
discuss about the offer 多余 about；discuss 直接接宾语。
对照例句： At ten tomorrow, the two sides will be discussing the revised offer.
will be discussing 为将来进行时，the two sides 是复数主语，revised 为过去分词定语。
L85 · 不定式与目的
enough confident 语序错误，应为 confident enough；too old 与 very old 意义不同。
对照例句： Ruth was nervous, but she was not too old to learn coding.
not too old to learn 否定年龄成为绝对障碍；to learn 为结果相关不定式，coding 是 learn 的宾语内容。
L86 · 分词修饰与逻辑主语
Hearing a sound, the wheel broke 让 wheel 成听声者，不符合意思。
对照例句： Hearing a strange sound, the driver slowed down immediately.
Hearing 的执行者是 driver；slowed down 为主句谓语，immediately 是时间方式相关副词。
L87 · 间接引语与视角转换
He said ... 不等于 It was proved ...；陈述和证据必须分别标识。
对照例句： The officer asked where Daniel had been before eight.
asked 引出间接特殊疑问，where 从句按主语 Daniel 加 had been 排列；before eight 是核对时段。
L88 · 被动语态与信息重点
through a pipe 指穿过管道内部；across a pipe 则是横跨，不适合输送通道。
对照例句： Fresh air will be supplied through a narrow pipe.
will be supplied 是将来被动，through 引出通道，Fresh air 不可数。
L89 · 动词、宾语与补足语
Thursday 与 Tuesday 不是同一天；不能只因都以 T 开头而在时间安排中混用。
对照例句： I meant to say Thursday, but I accidentally said Tuesday.
meant to say 表意图，said 是实际行为，but 标出意图与结果的不一致。
L90 · 分词修饰与逻辑主语
We ran out potatoes 缺 of；Potatoes ran out 是另一种主语安排。
对照例句： The potatoes fried this morning were used for supper.
fried this morning 是过去分词后置定语，were used 才是主句谓语，主语 potatoes 为复数。
L91 · 过去进行时与叙事背景
over the fields 是在田野上方；through the fields 通常表示从田地内部穿行。
对照例句： We were drifting over the fields when the pilot noticed a clear landing area.
were drifting 为背景，when 引出 noticed；a clear landing area 首次引入新地点。
L92 · 间接引语与视角转换
rude 是形容词，rudely 是副词；meant to be 后用 rude，不是 rudely。
对照例句： I do not think the receptionist meant to be rude.
do not think 否定判断，meant to be 表意图；说话者评价的是意图，而不是否认语气可能让人不舒服。
L93 · 定语从句与指代
非限制性从句通常不能用 that 替代 which，也不能省略关系代词。
对照例句： The statue, which was donated by local artists, stands beside the library.
The statue 为主语，stands 为主句谓语；逗号内 which was donated 是非限制性定语从句，which 指 statue。
L94 · 一般现在时与习惯
practise to float 应改为 practise floating；learn floating 并非此处常用搭配。
对照例句： The children practise floating before they learn to swim across the pool.
practise 后接动名词 floating，learn 后接 to swim；before 引出学习顺序，children 为复数。
L95 · 非真实条件句
would can store 错误；能力假设直接用 could，结果可用 would be able to。
对照例句： If people could store sunlight in a pocket, winter evenings would look different.
could store 表非真实能力假设，would look 表设想结果；sunlight 不可数，in a pocket 为幻想中的容器。
L96 · 被动语态与信息重点
by 不总是被动执行者：by the river 表在河边，不是河流摆放灯笼。
对照例句： The lanterns are placed by the river to honour family ancestors.
are placed 是一般现在时被动，概括仪式做法；by the river 是地点而非执行者，to honour 表目的。
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