第三册：培养技能 · 全册易错点 · 第45–60课
本册介绍 · 全册课程目录 · 全册语法总结 · 全册单词总结 · 全册短语与句型 · 全册易错点 · 综合复习与自测
L45 · 报告动词及其结构
She suggested me to write 错误；可写 She suggested that I write 或 She suggested writing，视执行者是否需要明确。
对照例句： The reporter stated the figures, while the campaigner claimed that they showed a wider problem.
stated 与 claimed 区分陈述和观点；they 回指 figures，后半结论归属于 campaigner。
L46 · 过去能力与一次成功
I tried to fix it 不表示已经修好；若要确认成功，可写 I managed to fix it。
对照例句： After several careful attempts, I managed to remove the damaged screw.
managed to remove 表示实际成功，after 短语解释此前有困难和尝试。
L47 · because、therefore 与因果关系
Because of the traffic was loud 错把完整句接在介词后；可写 Because the traffic was loud 或 Because of the loud traffic。
对照例句： The courtyard remained noisy after midnight; therefore, several residents moved their bedrooms to the rear.
分号分开完整分句，therefore 标明结果；several 限定受影响者，未概括为所有住户。
L48 · 地点前置的完全倒装
Here comes it 应为 Here it comes；代词主语通常不按名词主语的方式后置。
对照例句： Beyond the empty square stood a row of houses with closed shutters.
地点短语前置，stood 在名词主语 a row of houses 之前，构成完全倒装。
L49 · 介词加关系代词
the person on that we rely 不成立，介词前置需用 whom；或写 the person that we rely on。
对照例句： The assistant on whom the household relied kept a careful record of every delivery.
on whom 引导限定从句，on 来自 rely on；从句修饰 assistant。
L50 · 动词后 ing 与 to do 的意义
I stopped to smoke 表示停下其他事去抽烟，不能用来表达戒烟；戒烟应是 stopped smoking。
对照例句： I stopped checking messages during study sessions and tried leaving my phone in another room.
stopped checking 是终止行为；tried leaving 是试用一个办法，而非宣称最终一定成功。
L51 · 将来完成时的截止视角
By the time she will arrive 不符合普通未来时间从句用法，应写 By the time she arrives。
对照例句： If the schedule holds, the team will have tested all three models by Friday.
will have tested 以 Friday 为截止参照；if 从句使结果明确依赖进度条件。
L52 · 名词化与动作还原
把抽象被动改主动时不能凭空加入专家等未提供的行动者；未知主体可保留被动或明确写“报告未说明”。
对照例句： The seller called the mixture a premium finish, but the label did not explain its ingredients.
called 加宾语和名词补语报告命名；but 后用具体缺失信息检验宣传，而非仅凭名称判断品质。
L53 · 形式主语与真正主语
It is kind for you to help 在评价人的善意时通常用 of you；说明任务对某人重要则用 important for you to ...。
对照例句： It is essential that every complaint be recorded before the review begins.
it 为形式主语；that 从句为真正评价对象；be recorded 使用建议性原形虚拟式被动。
L54 · whatever 与 no matter what
Take no matter what you need 不符合标准宾语结构，应写 Take whatever you need；no matter what 不能普遍替代 whatever。
对照例句： Whatever caused the bird to choose the red lid, one trial cannot establish a general rule.
whatever 从句作让步状语；主句独立成立，强调证据数量的限制。
L55 · 省略 if 的条件倒装
If they received 不能直接变为 Received they；只有符合条件的 had、were、should 等可用于此类倒装。
对照例句： Should anyone detect the signal, the repeated pattern may help them recognize it as intentional.
Should anyone detect 等于 If anyone should detect；may 保留识别成功的不确定性。
L56 · 混合时间条件句
would have been dry now 通常不如 would be dry now 清楚，因为这里明确评价现在状态，而非过去已经完成的结果。
对照例句： If we had moved the supplies upstairs yesterday, they would be dry now.
had moved 指昨日未做的动作，would be dry now 表示当前反事实状态。
L57 · as if 与假设语气
as if 并不自动证明 nothing had changed；它可只描述气味带来的感受，其他方面仍可能变化。
对照例句： The bakery smelled as if nothing had changed since my childhood.
as if 引出主观印象；had changed 以过去 smelled 为参照，since 标明持续范围。
L58 · but for 与 without 的隐含条件
But for she helped us 结构不成立，应写 But for her help，或 If she had not helped us。
对照例句： But for the dated receipt, we would have been unable to explain the mix-up.
but for 引出过去反事实条件，would have been unable 描述过去本可能出现的结果。
L59 · 动名词作主语与宾语
Collecting maps have taught me 错把 maps 当作主语中心；真正主语是收藏活动，通常用 has。
对照例句： Collecting old maps has taught me to notice how place names change.
Collecting old maps 整体作单数主语，谓语为 has taught；how 从句为 notice 的宾语。
L60 · 时间从句与将来表达整合
I don't know when he arrives tomorrow 与 when he will arrive tomorrow 可依语境不同；间接疑问并不受“时间从句不能用 will”的简单规则限制。
对照例句： Please call me when you arrive, and I will meet you at the side entrance.
when you arrive 是未来时间从句，用现在时；主句后半用 will 表示响应行动。
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