第二册：实践与进步 · 全册短语与句型 · 第49–74课
本册介绍 · 全册课程目录 · 全册语法总结 · 全册单词总结 · 全册短语与句型 · 全册易错点 · 综合复习与自测
Lesson 49 · 叙事中的时态与衔接
- blow away — 吹走，代词放中间
- wake somebody up — 把某人叫醒
句型示范： I was sleeping on the terrace when a gust blew my blanket away.
was sleeping 是背景，when 引出 blew；blow 的过去式为 blew，away 表离开原处。
Lesson 50 · 过去完成时与先后关系
- get off — 下车，不用于上飞机
- on the way to — 在去……的路上
句型示范： By the time I asked, the bus had passed my stop.
By the time 从句 asked 定位过去时刻，had passed 说明更早已发生的事件；my stop 是目的站。
Lesson 51 · 完成进行时与持续活动
- give up doing — 放弃做某事
- for two weeks — 持续两周，不是两周前
句型示范： Tess has been avoiding sweet snacks for two weeks.
has been avoiding 是完成进行时，for two weeks 是持续长度，sweet snacks 是宾语。
Lesson 52 · 现在完成时与过去时间
- be covered with — 覆盖着某物，强调状态
- clear away — 清除，代词用 clear it away
句型示范： Fallen leaves have covered the path outside our classroom.
Fallen leaves 是复数主语，have covered 为完成时；outside our classroom 修饰 path。
Lesson 53 · 被动语态与信息重点
- cut off the power — 切断电源
- find the cause of — 找出……的原因
句型示范： The power failure was caused by a damaged wire.
failure 为单数主语，was caused 是过去被动，by 引出原因；damaged 是过去分词作定语。
Lesson 54 · 时间、原因与让步从句
- wipe something off — 擦去某物
- be covered in — 沾满、覆盖着某物
句型示范： As soon as I opened the jar, jam ran over my fingers.
As soon as 引出开罐动作，ran 为 run 的过去式；over my fingers 描述流过的表面。
Lesson 55 · 一般过去时与事件顺序
- dig for — 挖掘寻找某物
- turn out to be — 结果证明是，与原先预期可能不同
句型示范： People once believed that the field contained gold.
believed 是主句过去式，that 从句 contained 是当时的信念内容，不代表作者认可它为事实。
Lesson 56 · 比较级与比较范围
- at a speed of — 以……的速度，后接数值单位
- break a record — 打破纪录
句型示范： The new car was much faster than the team's previous model.
much 修饰比较级 faster，than 后明确比较对象；previous model 与 new car 都指车型。
Lesson 57 · 情态动词的意义与形式
- look down on — 轻视某人
- treat somebody with respect — 尊重地对待某人
句型示范： Would you like to see a different size?
Would you like 后接 to see，a different size 是宾语；would 在此不表过去时间。
Lesson 58 · 时间、原因与让步从句
- lead to — 导致，to 是介词
- in the long run — 从长远来看
句型示范： Although the flood damaged the garden, it led to better drainage.
Although 从句承认不利事实，主句 led to 引出后续结果；it 指 flood。
Lesson 59 · 动词、宾语与补足语
- let somebody in — 让某人进来
- without doing — 不做某事的情况下
句型示范： The new flap lets the cat enter without waking us.
lets 为单数谓语，the cat 是宾语，enter 是原形补足语；without waking 为介词加动名词。
Lesson 60 · 将来表达与安排
- by evening — 到傍晚之前或时，不等于整个傍晚
- make a prediction — 作出预测
句型示范： The guide predicted that we would see clear skies by evening.
predicted 为过去报告动词，would see 是从过去视角看将来，by evening 给出截止时间。
Lesson 61 · 被动语态与信息重点
- put something right — 纠正、修好某事
- by the end of — 到……结束之前或时
句型示范： By Friday, the replacement camera will have been tested twice.
will have been tested 为将来完成时被动，By Friday 给出截止点，twice 是次数。
Lesson 62 · 完成进行时与持续活动
- put out a fire — 扑灭火
- take root — 生根，也可比喻建立起来
句型示范： The volunteers had been planting seeds for hours when the rain began.
had been planting 强调雨开始前持续的活动，when rain began 提供过去参照点。
Lesson 63 · 间接引语与视角转换
- tell a joke — 讲笑话，不用 say a joke
- make somebody laugh — 逗某人笑，laugh 前不加 to
句型示范： The host asked me not to repeat the joke.
asked 后接 me，再用 not to repeat 转述否定请求；the joke 是 repeat 的宾语。
Lesson 64 · 非真实条件句
- link A with B — 连接两处
- go ahead with — 继续实施某计划
句型示范： If the earlier plan had succeeded, the route would have opened sooner.
had succeeded 是过去反事实条件，would have opened 是未发生的假设结果，sooner 比较时间早晚。
Lesson 65 · 动词、宾语与补足语
- get out of the way — 让开道路
- lead somebody away — 把某人带离
句型示范： The keeper made the elephant move towards a basket of fruit.
made 后接宾语 elephant，再用原形 move 作补足语；towards 只说明方向。
Lesson 66 · 完成进行时与持续活动
- smell of — 带有……的气味
- check for — 检查是否存在某问题
句型示范： A jar of honey has been leaking inside the delivery van.
A jar 为单数主语，has been leaking 表持续过程；of honey 说明内容物，inside 为地点。
Lesson 67 · 完成进行时与持续活动
- keep a record of — 记录某事
- show signs of — 显示出……的迹象
句型示范： The scientists have been monitoring the volcano since March.
have been monitoring 是完成进行时，since March 给起点；scientists 是复数主语。
Lesson 68 · 动名词与动词搭配
- insist on doing — 坚持做某事
- avoid doing — 避免做某事，avoid 后不加 to
句型示范： My neighbour insisted on helping me carry the boxes.
insisted on 是谓语搭配，helping 为介词宾语；help me carry 中 carry 可不带 to。
Lesson 69 · 不定式与目的
- apply the brakes — 踩刹车、制动
- by mistake — 由于弄错，不是有意行为
句型示范： The learner was told to stop beside the yellow line.
was told 是被动转述，to stop 是要求内容，beside the yellow line 为位置。
Lesson 70 · 分词修饰与逻辑主语
- draw attention to — 使人注意某事
- keep away from — 远离某物
句型示范： Waving a red flag, the steward guided the visitors away.
Waving 的执行者是 the steward；guided 是主句过去式，the visitors 是宾语。
Lesson 71 · 非真实条件句
- strike the hour — 整点报时
- keep time — 走时准确、计时
句型示范： If the clock had not been repaired, it would have stopped that winter.
if 从句 had not been repaired 为过去完成被动；主句 would have stopped 表未发生的过去结果。
Lesson 72 · 分词修饰与逻辑主语
- make an attempt — 作一次尝试
- on average — 平均而言，后文需说明统计范围
句型示范： A car called Silver Finch completed three test runs.
called Silver Finch 修饰 A car，completed 才是主句谓语，three test runs 为宾语。
Lesson 73 · 现在完成时与过去时间
- hold a record — 保持一项纪录
- so many times — 如此多次，times 表次数可数
句型示范： Ella has crossed the border with her family five times this year.
has crossed 是完成时，five times 为次数，with her family 明确同行者，this year 的范围包含现在。
Lesson 74 · 定语从句与指代
- keep a secret — 保守秘密
- leave somebody alone — 不打扰某人
句型示范： The visitor who recognised the actor kept her secret.
who 指 the visitor 并作 recognised 的主语；kept 是主句谓语，her 指前文 actor。
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