第二册:实践与进步 · 全册短语与句型 · 第24–48课
本册介绍 · 全册课程目录 · 全册语法总结 · 全册单词总结 · 全册短语与句型 · 全册易错点 · 综合复习与自测
Lesson 24 · 情态动词的意义与形式
- look on the bright side — 看积极的一面
- return something to somebody — 把某物归还某人
句型示范: I lost my wallet, but someone returned it that evening.
lost 与 returned 同为过去式推进事件;someone 是未知身份的人,it 指 wallet,but 标记转折。
Lesson 25 · 间接引语与视角转换
- ask somebody a question — 问某人一个问题
- in other words — 换句话说,用于重新解释
句型示范: I asked the driver where the bus stopped.
asked 带听者 the driver 和间接疑问从句;where 引导地点问题,从句不倒装。
Lesson 26 · 一般现在时与习惯
- look at — 看某物,侧重动作
- in my opinion — 在我看来,标记个人观点
句型示范: My sister likes paintings with strong colours.
likes 表稳定偏好,paintings 是泛指复数,with strong colours 为后置修饰语。
Lesson 27 · 过去完成时与先后关系
- put up a tent — 搭帐篷,代词用 put it up
- wake up — 醒来,过去式为 woke up
句型示范: We had covered the bags before the rain started.
had covered 标记较早动作,before 从句 started 给出过去参照点;bags 是受保护的物品。
Lesson 28 · 动名词与动词搭配
- keep clear — 保持畅通,常见于入口提示
- prevent somebody from doing — 阻止某人做某事
句型示范: Parking beside this gate blocks the entrance.
Parking beside this gate 是动名词短语作主语,整体视为单数,谓语用 blocks。
Lesson 29 · 现在完成时与过去时间
- take off — 起飞,也可表示脱下,要看语境
- land on — 在某表面着陆
句型示范: The small plane has carried a hundred passengers this week.
has carried 是现在完成时,a hundred passengers 为累计宾语,this week 连接过去活动与现在。
Lesson 30 · 冠词与可数性
- fall into — 掉进,强调进入内部
- on the bank — 在河岸上,此处 bank 不是银行
句型示范: A ball landed in the river beside our picnic spot.
A ball 首次引入对象,the river 是场景内可识别的河流,beside 短语修饰位置。
Lesson 31 · 一般现在时与习惯
- used to do — 过去常做,常暗示如今不同
- save up — 积攒钱,用 for 引出目标
句型示范: Mina used to repair bicycles in her parents' garage.
used to 加原形 repair 表过去习惯,in 后为地点,parents' 是复数所有格。
Lesson 32 · 被动语态与信息重点
- pay for — 为商品付款
- take something back — 把某物退回,代词用 take it back
句型示范: The missing receipt has been found behind the counter.
receipt 是单数承受者,has been found 为完成时被动;behind the counter 说明发现地点。
Lesson 33 · 过去完成时与先后关系
- by the time — 到……时候,强调截止参照
- make your way to — 费力或逐步前往某处
句型示范: By the time we reached the shore, we had lost our map.
By the time 从句 reached 建立过去参照点,主句 had lost 回顾更早事件,our map 是宾语。
Lesson 34 · 间接引语与视角转换
- at the police station — 在警察局
- a long time ago — 很久以前,通常配过去时
句型示范: The police told me that my bicycle had been found.
told me 引出接收信息的人;had been found 是从通知时刻回看更早找回动作的被动结构。
Lesson 35 · 不定式与目的
- run away — 逃跑
- stop somebody from doing — 阻止某人做某事
句型示范: A cyclist stopped to help the shop assistant.
stopped 是主线过去动作,to help 是目的状语,the shop assistant 为 help 的宾语。
Lesson 36 · 将来进行时与过程
- set a record — 创立纪录
- keep an eye on — 留意、照看,不能逐字译成把眼睛放上去
句型示范: At noon tomorrow, Ava will be swimming near the eastern coast.
will be swimming 是将来进行时,At noon tomorrow 给出参照时点,near 表示附近而非已经上岸。
Lesson 37 · 被动语态与信息重点
- take place — 发生、举行,不用被动语态
- be ready for — 为……准备就绪
句型示范: The new stadium will be opened in September.
stadium 是被开放的设施,will be opened 为将来被动,in September 表月份。
Lesson 38 · 过去完成时与先后关系
- dream of — 梦想、向往,可接动名词
- except for — 除了某个局部因素,用于说明例外
句型示范: Before he moved north, Joel had dreamed of a quiet village.
Before 从句 moved 给出过去参照,had dreamed 回顾更早的愿望;dream of 后接名词短语。
Lesson 39 · 间接引语与视角转换
- ask about — 询问有关……的情况
- be ready to — 准备好做某事,后接原形
句型示范: Evan asked the nurse whether he could leave that afternoon.
whether 引出是否问题,he could leave 为陈述语序;that afternoon 从转述者的视角定位时间。
Lesson 40 · 非真实条件句
- make conversation — 交谈、找话题,通常不用 a
- ask about somebody's work — 询问某人的工作
句型示范: If I knew more about her work, I would ask better questions.
knew 表非真实现在假设,would ask 表假设结果;better 是 good 的比较级。
Lesson 41 · 情态动词的意义与形式
- try something on — 试穿试戴,代词用 try it on
- go with — 与……搭配,描述衣着配色
句型示范: You need not buy the hat just because it is fashionable.
need not 在此是情态用法,后接 buy 原形;because 从句说明不应成为唯一理由的因素。
Lesson 42 · 动词、宾语与补足语
- move to the rhythm — 随节奏移动
- look as if — 看起来好像,后接从句
句型示范: We watched the bird move towards the musician's hand.
watched 后接宾语 the bird,再接原形 move 作宾语补足语;towards 标记方向。
Lesson 43 · 情态动词的意义与形式
- run low on — 某物快用完了
- manage to do — 设法成功做成某事
句型示范: The pilot was able to land before the storm arrived.
was able to land 描述这次成功结果,before 从句限定时间,storm arrived 是之后的事件。
Lesson 44 · 真实条件句
- keep to the path — 不偏离小路
- out of breath — 气喘吁吁,breath 是名词
句型示范: If we keep to the path, we can reach the village before dark.
if 从句用一般现在时 keep,主句 can reach 表条件下的能力或可能,before dark 为时间界限。
Lesson 45 · 被动语态与信息重点
- pay back — 偿还钱款,代词用 pay it back
- feel guilty about — 因……感到内疚
句型示范: The missing money has been returned in a plain envelope.
money 不可数,助动词用 has;has been returned 是完成时被动,in 表容器。
Lesson 46 · 数量表达与范围
- spend money on — 在……上花钱
- be worth the cost — 值得这个价钱
句型示范: The overnight train cost more but offered fewer comfortable seats.
cost 是过去式,与原形同形;more 省略比较中的 money,fewer 修饰可数复数 seats。
Lesson 47 · 间接引语与视角转换
- be said to — 据说,后接原形
- look into — 调查,不等于向里面看这一字面义
句型示范: The cellar was said to be haunted, but no one had evidence.
was said to be 是被动报道结构;but no one had evidence 限定传闻可信度,不确认鬼魂存在。
Lesson 48 · 时间、原因与让步从句
- nod your head — 点头表示回应
- as soon as — 一……就……,突出紧接关系
句型示范: As soon as the dentist removed the mirror, I asked a question.
As soon as 从句给出先发生的动作,主句 asked 紧接其后;两者都是具体过去事件。
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