第一册：英语初阶 · 全册短语与句型 · 第112–137课
本册介绍 · 全册课程目录 · 全册语法总结 · 全册单词总结 · 全册短语与句型 · 全册易错点 · 综合复习与自测
Lesson 112 · 形容词最高级
- the most expensive — 最贵的
- the best choice — 最佳选择
句型示范： Of the three routes, this one is the most convenient.
Of the three routes 提供三者范围；the most convenient 是多音节形容词最高级，one 指路线。
Lesson 113 · so/neither 简短附和
- so do I — 一般现在时肯定附和
- neither can I — 能力否定附和
句型示范： I enjoy hiking, and so does my sister.
第一分句 enjoy 为一般现在时；附和中的主语 my sister 为单数，因此用 so does，而不是 so do。
Lesson 114 · so/neither 简短附和
- so do I — 一般现在时肯定附和
- neither can I — 能力否定附和
句型示范： I cannot skate, and neither can Tom.
Cannot skate 是否定能力陈述；neither can Tom 用相同情态动词并倒装，表示汤姆也不能。
Lesson 115 · 复合不定代词
- something useful — 形容词放后面
- no one is — 不定代词按单数处理
句型示范： Someone is waiting at the side door.
Someone 作主语按单数处理，因此用 is waiting；at the side door 表等候位置。
Lesson 116 · 复合不定代词
- something useful — 形容词放后面
- no one is — 不定代词按单数处理
句型示范： There is nothing unusual in the box.
There is 引出 nothing；unusual 放在复合不定代词之后，nothing 已含否定，无需再加 not。
Lesson 117 · 过去进行时
- was cooking — 当时正在做饭
- when the phone rang — 电话响起这一事件
句型示范： I was making breakfast when the lights went out.
Was making 描写过去背景动作；when 引出的 went out 表停电事件。两者形成持续背景与突发事件的对照。
Lesson 118 · 过去进行时
- was cooking — 当时正在做饭
- when the phone rang — 电话响起这一事件
句型示范： They were waiting outside at eight yesterday.
Were waiting 与复数主语 they 一致；at eight yesterday 指过去特定时刻，说明那个时刻正在等。
Lesson 119 · 过去完成时
- had already left — 在过去某时之前已经离开
- by the time — 到……时为止
句型示范： By the time we arrived, the museum had closed.
We arrived 给出过去参照点；had closed 表博物馆关门发生得更早。by the time 强调到达时已有结果。
Lesson 120 · 过去完成时
- had already left — 在过去某时之前已经离开
- by the time — 到……时为止
句型示范： She had saved the file before the computer stopped.
Had saved 表先完成保存，stopped 表随后电脑停止；before 显式说明事件顺序。
Lesson 121 · 关系代词作主语
- the person who — who 引导修饰人的定语从句，本课例句中 who 作从句主语
- the book that — 修饰物的限制性从句
句型示范： The woman who lives upstairs is a violinist.
The woman 是先行词，who 在从句中作 lives 的主语，不能省略；主句谓语为 is。
Lesson 122 · 关系代词作主语
- the person who — who 引导修饰人的定语从句，本课例句中 who 作从句主语
- the book that — 修饰物的限制性从句
句型示范： The lamp that stands by the sofa is broken.
The lamp 是先行词，that 作 stands 的主语；by the sofa 是从句内位置说明，主句 is broken 说明状态。
Lesson 123 · 关系代词作宾语
- the place we visited — 宾语关系代词可省略
- during the journey — 旅程期间
句型示范： The guide we met in Perth spoke three languages.
The guide 是先行词；we met 中 we 为主语，被省略的关系代词是 met 的宾语；spoke 是主句谓语。
Lesson 124 · 关系代词作宾语
- the place we visited — 宾语关系代词可省略
- during the journey — 旅程期间
句型示范： This is the photograph that I took at the harbour.
That 在从句 I took 中作宾语，可在这一限制性从句中省略；at the harbour 表拍照地点。
Lesson 125 · have to 的时态与否定
- have to work — 因客观要求而必须工作
- do not need to — 没有必要
句型示范： I had to water the plants before work.
Had to 是过去的客观必要，后接原形 water；plants 是宾语，before work 表发生时间。
Lesson 126 · have to 的时态与否定
- have to work — 因客观要求而必须工作
- do not need to — 没有必要
句型示范： She does not have to work this Sunday.
Does not have to 表第三人称单数的“不必”；have 恢复原形，this Sunday 指本次星期日。
Lesson 127 · must/cannot 表现在推断
- must be — 有根据的强推断
- cannot be — 有根据地否定可能
句型示范： The office lights are on; someone must be inside.
前半句灯亮着是观察线索；后半句 must be 是强推断，someone 是主语，inside 为地点表语。
Lesson 128 · must/cannot 表现在推断
- must be — 有根据的强推断
- cannot be — 有根据地否定可能
句型示范： That cannot be our bus; it has a different number.
Cannot be 表不可能是；分号后 different number 提供推断依据，its number 与 expected bus number 不同。
Lesson 129 · 情态动词 + have done
- must have missed — 推测过去一定错过
- cannot have seen — 推测过去不可能看见
句型示范： The road is wet; it must have rained overnight.
The road is wet 是现在证据；must have rained 对过去下雨作推断，overnight 指夜里。
Lesson 130 · 情态动词 + have done
- must have missed — 推测过去一定错过
- cannot have seen — 推测过去不可能看见
句型示范： He cannot have read the sign; it was covered.
Cannot have read 对过去是否读到标志作否定推断；it was covered 给出证据，但推断本身不是亲眼观察。
Lesson 131 · may/might 的时间层次
- may be late — 现在或将来可能迟到
- may have left — 过去可能已离开
句型示范： The parcel may arrive tomorrow.
May arrive 表未来可能，arrive 保持原形；tomorrow 表时间，整句不保证包裹一定到达。
Lesson 132 · may/might 的时间层次
- may be late — 现在或将来可能迟到
- may have left — 过去可能已离开
句型示范： Ella might have left her phone on the train.
Might have left 对过去遗落手机作不确定推断；on the train 说明可能遗落的地点。
Lesson 133 · 间接引语的时态回移
- said that — 过去转述
- told us that — 告诉我们某事
句型示范： The reporter said that the bridge was closed.
Said 为过去引述，that 从句采用 was；the bridge 是从句主语，closed 为状态表语。
Lesson 134 · 间接引语的时态回移
- said that — 过去转述
- told us that — 告诉我们某事
句型示范： Maya told us that she was studying abroad.
Told 后保留听话者 us；she was studying 是转述内容，其中过去进行时可对应原话的 am studying。
Lesson 135 · would 与 had done 的回移
- would return — 过去视角的将来
- the following day — 随后一天
句型示范： He said he would send the document the next day.
Would send 是过去视角中的将来；the next day 表相对于原说话日的第二天，不能随转述日期任意漂移。
Lesson 136 · would 与 had done 的回移
- would return — 过去视角的将来
- the following day — 随后一天
句型示范： She told me she had finished the repairs.
Told me 为主句，had finished 表相对于过去告诉我的时点已完成；the repairs 为从句宾语。
Lesson 137 · 真实条件句
- if we finish — 未来条件用现在时
- will take — 条件结果用将来表达
句型示范： If we finish early, we will take a walk.
If we finish early 为条件，用一般现在时；we will take a walk 为条件成立后的结果，用 will 加原形。
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