第二册：实践与进步 · 全册易错点 · 第50–73课
本册介绍 · 全册课程目录 · 全册语法总结 · 全册单词总结 · 全册短语与句型 · 全册易错点 · 综合复习与自测
L50 · 过去完成时与先后关系
get out of 常用于小汽车，get off 常用于公共汽车；不能在所有交通方式中机械互换。
对照例句： By the time I asked, the bus had passed my stop.
By the time 从句 asked 定位过去时刻，had passed 说明更早已发生的事件；my stop 是目的站。
L51 · 完成进行时与持续活动
since two weeks 错误，持续长度用 for；since two weeks ago 才引出起点。
对照例句： Tess has been avoiding sweet snacks for two weeks.
has been avoiding 是完成进行时，for two weeks 是持续长度，sweet snacks 是宾语。
L52 · 现在完成时与过去时间
leaves 是 leaf 的复数；不能写 leafs 来表示这里的树叶。
对照例句： Fallen leaves have covered the path outside our classroom.
Fallen leaves 是复数主语，have covered 为完成时；outside our classroom 修饰 path。
L53 · 被动语态与信息重点
caused from 不合常见搭配；被动原因用 caused by。
对照例句： The power failure was caused by a damaged wire.
failure 为单数主语，was caused 是过去被动，by 引出原因；damaged 是过去分词作定语。
L54 · 时间、原因与让步从句
run 的过去式是 ran，过去分词才是 run；不能在简单过去叙事中写 jam run。
对照例句： As soon as I opened the jar, jam ran over my fingers.
As soon as 引出开罐动作，ran 为 run 的过去式；over my fingers 描述流过的表面。
L55 · 一般过去时与事件顺序
gold 是不可数物质名词，通常不写 a gold；a piece of gold 才表示一块。
对照例句： People once believed that the field contained gold.
believed 是主句过去式，that 从句 contained 是当时的信念内容，不代表作者认可它为事实。
L56 · 比较级与比较范围
more faster 重复比较标记；用 faster 或 much faster。
对照例句： The new car was much faster than the team's previous model.
much 修饰比较级 faster，than 后明确比较对象；previous model 与 new car 都指车型。
L57 · 情态动词的意义与形式
Would you like seeing 通常不是提出这次邀请的用法；用 Would you like to see。
对照例句： Would you like to see a different size?
Would you like 后接 to see，a different size 是宾语；would 在此不表过去时间。
L58 · 时间、原因与让步从句
Although ..., but ... 在标准英语中不作这种成对连接；保留一个连接词。
对照例句： Although the flood damaged the garden, it led to better drainage.
Although 从句承认不利事实，主句 led to 引出后续结果；it 指 flood。
L59 · 动词、宾语与补足语
lets the cat to enter 多了 to；allows the cat enter 则少了 to。
对照例句： The new flap lets the cat enter without waking us.
lets 为单数谓语，the cat 是宾语，enter 是原形补足语；without waking 为介词加动名词。
L60 · 将来表达与安排
predict 不等于 promise；前者是判断未来，后者是作出承担义务的承诺。
对照例句： The guide predicted that we would see clear skies by evening.
predicted 为过去报告动词，would see 是从过去视角看将来，by evening 给出截止时间。
L61 · 被动语态与信息重点
will have tested 若主语是 camera 会变成摄像机执行测试；此处需 been 表被动。
对照例句： By Friday, the replacement camera will have been tested twice.
will have been tested 为将来完成时被动，By Friday 给出截止点，twice 是次数。
L62 · 完成进行时与持续活动
had been planted 是被动或状态相关结构，不表示志愿者持续播种；用 planting。
对照例句： The volunteers had been planting seeds for hours when the rain began.
had been planting 强调雨开始前持续的活动，when rain began 提供过去参照点。
L63 · 间接引语与视角转换
asked me to not repeat 有时可见，但常规教学优先 not to repeat；did not ask 与 asked not 不同。
对照例句： The host asked me not to repeat the joke.
asked 后接 me，再用 not to repeat 转述否定请求；the joke 是 repeat 的宾语。
L64 · 非真实条件句
would have open 缺少过去分词；have 后应为 opened。
对照例句： If the earlier plan had succeeded, the route would have opened sooner.
had succeeded 是过去反事实条件，would have opened 是未发生的假设结果，sooner 比较时间早晚。
L65 · 动词、宾语与补足语
made the elephant to move 在主动句中多余 to；被动才常用 was made to move。
对照例句： The keeper made the elephant move towards a basket of fruit.
made 后接宾语 elephant，再用原形 move 作补足语；towards 只说明方向。
L66 · 完成进行时与持续活动
honey have been 错误；这里主语 a jar of honey 的核心是 jar，配 has。
对照例句： A jar of honey has been leaking inside the delivery van.
A jar 为单数主语，has been leaking 表持续过程；of honey 说明内容物，inside 为地点。
L67 · 完成进行时与持续活动
since three months 不合常用表达；用 for three months 或 since March。
对照例句： The scientists have been monitoring the volcano since March.
have been monitoring 是完成进行时，since March 给起点；scientists 是复数主语。
L68 · 动名词与动词搭配
insist to help 应改为 insist on helping；avoid to answer 应为 avoid answering。
对照例句： My neighbour insisted on helping me carry the boxes.
insisted on 是谓语搭配，helping 为介词宾语；help me carry 中 carry 可不带 to。
L69 · 不定式与目的
brake 是刹车，break 是弄坏或休息；二者同音但拼写含义不同。
对照例句： The learner was told to stop beside the yellow line.
was told 是被动转述，to stop 是要求内容，beside the yellow line 为位置。
L70 · 分词修饰与逻辑主语
Waving a flag, the visitors were moved 会让逻辑主语变成游客，不一定符合想表达的意思。
对照例句： Waving a red flag, the steward guided the visitors away.
Waving 的执行者是 the steward；guided 是主句过去式，the visitors 是宾语。
L71 · 非真实条件句
would stopped 缺少 have；过去反事实结果要用 would have stopped。
对照例句： If the clock had not been repaired, it would have stopped that winter.
if 从句 had not been repaired 为过去完成被动；主句 would have stopped 表未发生的过去结果。
L72 · 分词修饰与逻辑主语
A car called Silver Finch. 只是名词短语，不构成完整陈述句。
对照例句： A car called Silver Finch completed three test runs.
called Silver Finch 修饰 A car，completed 才是主句谓语，three test runs 为宾语。
L73 · 现在完成时与过去时间
five time 应为 five times；不要把 times 误译成五点钟。
对照例句： Ella has crossed the border with her family five times this year.
has crossed 是完成时，five times 为次数，with her family 明确同行者，this year 的范围包含现在。
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